Cerium vanadate nanopowders were synthesized by a facile low temperature co-precipitation method.The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy and found toconsist of ~ 25 nm spherical nanoparticles. The efficiency of these nanopowders for uptake of alpha-emitting radionuclides ²³³U (4.82 MeV α) and ²⁴¹Am (5.49 MeV ~, 60 keV) has been investigated.Thermodynamically and kinetically favorable uptake of these radionuclides resulted in their completeremoval within 3 h from aqueous acidic feed solutions. The uptake capacity was observed to increase withincrease in pH as the zeta potential value decreased with the increase in pH but effect of ionic strength wasinsignificant. Little influence of the ions like Sr²⁺, Ru³⁺, Fe³⁺, etc., in the uptake process indicated CeVO₄ nanopowders to be amenable for practical applications. The isotherms indicated predominant uptake ofthe radioactive metal ions in the solid phase of the exchanger at lower feed concentrations and linearKielland plots with positive slopes indicated favorable exchange of the metal ions with the nanopowder.Performance comparison with the other sorbents reported indicated excellent potential of nano-ceriumvanadate for removing americium and uranium from large volumes of aqueous acidic solutions.