Transverse single-spin asymmetries to probe the transverse-spin structure of the proton have been measured for neutral pions and nonidentified charged hadrons from polarized proton-proton collisions at midrapidity and √s=200 GeV. The data cover a transverse momentum (pτ) range 1.0–5.0 GeV/c forneutral pions and 0.5–5.0 GeV/c for charged hadrons, at a Feynman- X value of approximately zero. The asymmetries seen in this previously unexplored kinematic region are consistent with zero within errors of a few percent. In addition, the inclusive charged hadron cross section at midrapidity from 0.5